Remember that when you give group presentations, it is important for every member of a group to make an equal contribution. Review the guidelines for giving group presentations on page 73.

1 Professor Gilroy mentioned that many cities have their own "identity” or

“personality.” Look at the following pictures. Do you recognize these cities? What helped you to identify them?

Work in a small group. Choose a city that you know well or a city that you would like to visit. Do not choose the same city as other groups.

NAME OF CITY:

Work with your group. Use the categories below to help you describe the identity and personality of the city you have chosen. Add other categories of your own. You may want to do research in a library’ or on the Internet. If possible, use photographs to illustrate what you want to say.

CATEGORIES: geographic location size of city weather

cultural activities typical food customs or traditions architecture transportation problems facing city

4 ! Practice your presentation and then give it in front of the class.

[1] Look at the outline of Part One of the lecture on page 28. Think about what kind of information you might need to complete the outline.

[2] don’t want to be restricted: limited The boys did woodwork: caipentiy

But nowadays, there is less discrimination: unequal treatment Я they need a lot of my support, I’ll give it to them: emotional or physical help

You have to be flexible: able to change according to the situation

Listen to Part Two of the lecture and take notes on your own paper.

Revise and reorganize your notes if necessary.

Exchange your notes with a partner. Use the checklist below to evaluate your partner’s notes. Check (✓) the skills that your partner used.

Note-taking Skills

і_ ! Identifying main ideas and supporting details

HU Recording numerical information HU Using symbols and abbreviations HU Using telegraphic language

HU Organizing notes clearly in columns, a map, or an outline HU Using the lecturers handouts HU Identifying anything that was not clear HU Writing questions and comments

S Work with your partner and review each other’s note-taking skills.

Discuss your questions and comments with your partner. Clarify anything you still do not understand by asking other classmates.

AFTER THE LECTURE

SUMMARIZING WHAT YOU HAVE HEARD

1 Look at the first part of a summary of the lecture. Use your notes to finish writing the summary.

Ow U-hanotg. duties FrofeSSor 6rtj2и бяіігои

Msntj More people – are Moving. to cities tcdaij than in the past. There are various reasons for this, Some of which are Shown in the handout frotv Йгепеглег Howard’s booh. The Main reason that мantj people prefer to live in a ci-fy is because there are More jots and More opportunities to earn мопсу in urban environMerrfy Л Second reason is that cities offer comforf and convenience. . . .

2 і Compare your summary with a partner. Remember that your summaries will not be exactly the same.

A lecturer’s handouts will help you understand the lecture and give you material that you can study later. However, lecturers rarely give you exactly the same information in the lecture as they do in handouts. Therefore, you must still listen carefully to understand what the speaker says.

Here are some ways that you can take notes on handouts as you listen to a lecture:

• highlight or circle parts of the handout that the lecturer discusses

• mark information that you do not understand and want to ask questions about

• write comments

Remember to take notes in your usual way in addition to marking the handouts. Be sure to organize all vour notes in a clear fonnat (e. g., columns, an outline, or a map) after the lecture.

Listen to two excefpts front the lecture, one from Part One and one from Part Two. Circle the parts of the handouts that the lecturer refers to. Take notes on your own paper about what he savs.

2 і Compare your notes with a partner.

LECTURE, PART ONE: Reasons People Move to Cities

GUESSING VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT

1 The following items contain some important vocabulary from Part One of the

lecture. Work with a partner. Using the context and your knowledge of related words, take turns trying to guess the meanings of the words in bold.

1 we are going to discuss the mass urbanization of the world’s population.

2 . . . which is an unprecedented trend worldwide.

3 The town has “social opportunity" but “isolation.”

4 Until the twentieth century, the major source of employment was farming.

5 Jobs are being created in manufacturing.

6 Jobs are being created in financing.

7 There are transportation networks.

Work with your partner. Match the vocabulary terms with their definitions by writing the letter of each definition below in the blank next to the sentence or phrase containing the correct term in step 1. Check your answers in a dictionary’ if necessary;

a raising animals or growing fruits and vegetables to sell b making products in factories c movement to the cities d something that has never happened before

e systems of r oads, buses, and trains that cross and connect with each other f separation from other people; loneliness g management of money

О NOTE TAKING: COMBINING THE SKILLS

In this book, you have learned many skills that can help you to take clear notes on lectures.

As you listen to a lecture, you have learned how to:

• identify’ main ideas and supporting details

• identify numerical information

• identify organizational phrases and signal words

• pay attention to the lecturer’s stress and intonation

As you take notes, you have learned how to:

• use symbols and abbreviations

• use telegraphic language

• record numerical information accurately

• use handouts

• organize your notes in an appropriate format, e. g., columns, map, outline

• write questions and comments about what yoir have heard

After you listen to a lecture, you have learned how to:

• clarify anything you have not understood

• revise and organize your notes clearly, if necessary

As you continue to practice, you will find that you can easily combine all these note-taking skills whenever you take notes.

Listen to Part One of the lecture and take notes. Practice combining the skills that vou have learned.

Revise your notes and organize them more clearly if necessary. How satisfied are you with your note-taking progress? Are there any areas that you need to review?

Compare your notes with a partner and share your questions and comments.

LECTURE, PART TWO: Changes in the City

GUESSING VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT

1 The following items contain some important vocabulary from Part One of the

lecture. Work with a partner. Using the context and your knowledge of related words, take turns trying to guess the meanings of the words in bold.

____ 1 Tokyo, Mexico, Bombay, and Sao Paulo are just a few’ examples of today’s

megacities.

2 They show the urban sprawl that is occurring in contemporary cities.

3 Our cities are breaking up into smaller communities, often by ethnic group or income level.

_ 4 Many cities do have a kind of identity or personality, but a city is not homogeneous.

5 Many cities have slum areas or ghettos where people live in destitute conditions.

__ 6 The beautiful architecture and vibrant nightlife are one face of the city.

Work with your partner. Match the vocabulary terms W’ith their definitions by – writing the letter of each definition below in the blank next to the correct term in step 1. Check your answers in a dictionary if necessary’.

a exciting

b uncontrolled growth of cities c all the same d very poor and hopeless e the amount of money that people make f huge cities

1 Read the following questions before you listen to the interview. Make sure you understand the vocabulary. If necessary, use a dictionary to check words that you do not understand.

1 Where did Kenny grow up? a in a small tow’n

b in Europe c in a city

2 What feeling does being in the country give Kenny?

a isolation b freedom c boredom

3 What made Kenny move back to New York from a small town?

a his kids b his job c his wife

4 What bothers Kennv most about the urban lifestyle?

a the noise b the people c the traffic

5 Which w’ord best describes Kenny’s feelings about his mother getting

a parking ticket? a anger b fear c stress

Now listen to the interview with Kenny. As you listen, circle the correct answer to the questions above. Then compare your answers with a partner.

AFTER THE INTERVIEWS

DRAWING INFERENCES

1 Work with a partner. Read the list of activities below. Then, based on what you inferred from the interviews, decide whether you think that Barbara and Kenny would enjoy them. You may decide that only Barbara would like the activity, only Kenny would like it, or that they both would like it. Check (✓) the appropriate boxes.

2 Share your answers with the class. Be prepared to support your opinions.

SHARING YOUR OPINION

Look at this cartoon.

Discuss the following

questions as a class.

1 What do you think the speaker means by "a larger community”?

2 Do you think the cartoonist believes that people who live in cities feel like part of a larger community?

Why or why not?

Here are some words and phrases from the interview with Barbara printed in bold

and given in the context in which you will hear them. They are followed by definitions.

to escape from the urban ills: problems

unless you like to putter around and build things: spend time doing small projects around the house

Besides, the country has bugs: insects

You are being stung: bitten by insects

People who like a lot of stimulation, you know, can’t hack it: are not comfortable with it, dislike it

The whole car culture thing kicks in: becomes important

In the country and the suburbs, you’re labeled: thought of in a limited, restricted way by your neighbors

r

О RETELLING WHAT YOU HAVE HEARD

1 Read the following questions before you listen to the interview with Barbara.

1 What is interesting about living in a city?

2 What happens when city people go to the country?

3 Why are cars so important in the country?

4 What are the pros and cons of the suburbs?

5 Is city life lonely? Is it dangerous?

Now listen to the interview and take notes.

Work with a partner. Tell your partner part of the interview, and then let him or her continue. Include answers to the questions in step 1. (You can review your notes first, but do not look at them while you are speaking.)

INTERVIEW WITH KENNY: Pros and cons of city living

Here are some words and phrases from the interview with Kenny printed in bold and given in the context in which you will hear them. They are followed by definitions.

What finally drove me out was the traffic: made me leave I felt like I was trapped: unable to escape

I didn’t want them cheering for different sports teams: supporting I have my ups and downs: sometimes I feel good and sometimes I feel bad My mother was dropping my daughter off: bringing her home

This is just a law-abiding grandmother: someone who obeys the law Other people complain about graffiti: writing on walls wild, remote places: distant, away from the city, with few people Give me some trees, streams, boulders, and animals: rocks on gray drizzly days: rainy

The gray of the buildings blends in with the gray of the sky: mixes with, becomes like the ideal place to live: peifect, best