Here are some words and phrases from the interview with Linda printed in bold ancl[2] given in the context in which you will hear them. They are followed by definitions.

the most critical issue is: important problem They’re expected to excel in sports: do extremely well There’s a major bonding that goes on: feeling of closeness and friendship They still tease each other very harshly and relentlessly: make fun of / in a rough way / without taking a break

Roles were prescribed: already decided by society, unchangeable ^ I want him to be financially stable, but not necessarily wealthy: secure, safe / rich

Q ANSWERING MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

When answering multiple-choice questions, read the directions carefully before you begin. Are you being asked to choose one answer or two? Must you choose the correct answer or the incorrect answer?

1 In this interview, Linda talks about her goals for her teenage son. Before you listen, read the items and possible answer choices below. For each item, two answers are correct and one is incorrect.

1 Linda wants her son to be a proud of himself.

b good to his parents, c sensitive.

2 Boys are expected to a be tougher.

b be better at sports, c form groups easily.

3 Men use spoils as

a the basis for social relationships, b something to talk about, c a way to relate to women.

4 Many people say that boys are closed emotionally. Linda thinks that boys

a are very closed emotionally.

b share a lot of their intimate feelings with other boys, c are more open than they used to be in the past.

5 In Lindas view, boys are scared of a not being big enough.

b not being accepted, c not being intelligent enough.

6 In society in the past,

a roles were prescribed.

b there was more flexibility.

c jobs often gave lifetime employment.

7 Linda would like her son to be a rich.

b a good friend, c a caring member of society.

SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT

INTERVIEW WITH SHINGO: Growing up as a boy or girl

О LISTENING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION

1 Read the following statements before vou listen to the interview. Each statement refers to a way that parents can treat their children.

Parents can. . .

___ 1 care about their children.

2 give them independence and let them do what they want.

3 allow them to study in other countries.

4 want them to live nearby after they many.

___ 5 spend a lot of time with them.

6 take them shopping.

7 pay for what they want to buy.

8 teach them how to cook.

Now listen to the interview. Write S, D, B, or N in the blank next to each statement in step

the way Shingo’s parents treated their sons

the way Shingo’s parents treated their daughter

the way both the sons and the daughter were treated

The statement doesn’t apply to either the sons or the daughter.

З і Compai’e vour answers with a partner and then discuss any differences as a class.

1

Work in a small group. Look at the pictures below. These pictures illustrate some nursery rhymes – traditional children’s songs and poems – that are taught to children in many English-speaking countries. Describe what is happening in each picture.

2 Now listen to the nursery rhymes. In the chart below, write the personality traits from “Personalizing the Topic” that describe the girl(s) or boy(s) in each rhyme. You do not have to use all the traits and you may use some more than once.

Share your answers with your group. Discuss how these rhymes characterize girls and boys. Do you think these characterizations are accurate?

Q AMERICAN VOICES: Linda and Shingo

In this section you will hear two people discuss the ways that boys and girls are raised.

First, Linda talks about how she has tried to bring up her son. Then Shingo, a 26-year-

old man from Japan who is living and studying in the United States, compares his and

his brother’s upbringing with that of his sister.

BEFORE THE INTERVIEWS

PERSONALIZING THE TOPIC

1 As boys and girls grow up, they are usually given chores – small jobs – to do around the house, but these chores are often assigned by gender. Think about yourself and your friends. As children, who was asked to help their parents with the chores listed below: boys, girls, both, or neither? For each chore, check (✓) the appropriate column.

Share your answers to steps 1 and 2 with a partner. Which answers were the same? Which were different?

1 Read the following passage.

Biology – detemiines what sex we are at birth – that is, whether we are male or female. However, society and culture determine our gender roles – that is, the socially learned patterns of behavior that distinguish boys from girls and men from women. Gender roles are learned through the process of socialization. In other words, we leant what society considers masculine and feminine as we grow up and interact with other people.

Becoming a man or woman is dramatically more complex now than it was a century ago. Boys and girls today have more freedom to explore their individuality and less

pressure to conform to traditional gender roles. For example, today both young men and young women can have jobs that were previously limited to only one sex. Children who are born today are given choices about the way males and females should behave and think. Many of todays gender roles were unthinkable in our parents’ or grandparents’ generations.

2 I Answer the following questions according to the information in the passage.

1 How do we learn about masculinity and femininity?

2 How have gender roles changed?

Read these questions and share your answers with a partner.

1 When you were a child, what did vour family, teachers, or friends tell you about mens and women’s behavior?

2 Do you think that gender roles will continue to change in the future? How?

PERSONALIZING THE TOPIC

1 Read the following list of personality traits. First, match the trail with the correct description. Then decide whether you believe these qualities are mostly biological (things you are born with) or mostly social (things you learn). For each trait, check (✓) the appropriate box. Then compare your answers with a partner.

Personality Mostly Mostly

Description Trait Biological Social

Now work as a group. Look at the list of trails below and write a short description for each one. Do you think that these traits are mostly biological or mostly social?

adventurous aggressive cowardly gentle helpful

kind nice responsible sweet thoughtful

n this unit you will hear people talk about gender roles. Chapter 3 deals with the issues that boys and girls face as they grow up. You will hear an interview with a mother about how she is trying to raise her son, and an interview with a young man who discusses how he, his brother, and his sister were raised. You will also hear a lecture on single-sex education and the benefits it can offer girls, in Chapter 4, you will hear interviews with a woman and a man about gender equality at home and at work. The lecture in Chapter 4 is about issues of gender and language.

Whenever a lecturer draws a diagram or puts a chart on the board during a lecture, you should always copy it into your notes. You can add extra information from the lecture to the diagram or chart as the lecturer speaks.

1 Look at the diagram that Professor Zalz put on the board during the second part of the lecture. This diagram represents the "wave” that shows the different stages of culture shock. Notice that the lecturer numbered the stages і, 2, and 3.

As you listen to this part of the lecture, take notes on your own paper. Then use your notes to fill in the diagram with the names of the different stages of culture shock (in the left column) and the different emotions for each stage (in the right column).

Stages of culture shock

Letdown (becoming disappointed because something is not as good as you expected)

Honeymoon (feeling wonderful, like people who take a “honeymoon” trip after they get married)

Resignation (becoming accustomed to a new situation, even if it is difficult)

Compare your diagram with a partner.

Practice giving an oral summary of the three stages of culture shock with your partner.

AFTER THE LECTURE

SHARING YOUR OPINION

1 Work in a small group. Read the list of behaviors below. Discuss whether these behaviors are acceptable in your community? Why or why not?

1 Kissing your friends two or three times on alternating cheeks when you greet them

2 Holding hands with a person of the same sex when you walk in the street

3 Eating or drinking in the street

4 Pointing at someone with your forefinger

5 Crossing your legs in public

In your group, discuss the kinds of behavior that a person visiting your community should know about. What is considered acceptable or unacceptable?