1. Central Business District 6. Heavy Manufacturing 2. Wholesale Light Manufacturing 7. Outlying Business District 3. Low-Class Residential 8. Residential Suburb 4. Medium-Class Residential 9. Industrial Suburb 5. High-Class Residential 10. Commuter’s Zone Source: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1945 . NOTE TAKING: USING HANDOUTS TO HELP YOU TAKE NOTES

A lecturer’s handouts will help you understand the lecture and give you material that you can study later. However, lecturers rarely give you exactly the same information in the lecture as they do in handouts. Therefore, you must still listen carefully to understand what the speaker says.

Here are some ways that you can take notes on handouts as you listen to a lecture:

• highlight or circle parts of the handout that the lecturer discusses

• mark information that you do not understand and want to ask questions about

• write comments

Remember to take notes in your usual way in addition to marking the handouts. Be sure to organize all vour notes in a clear fonnat (e. g., columns, an outline, or a map) after the lecture.

Listen to two excefpts front the lecture, one from Part One and one from Part Two. Circle the parts of the handouts that the lecturer refers to. Take notes on your own paper about what he savs.

2 і Compare your notes with a partner.

LECTURE, PART ONE: Reasons People Move to Cities

GUESSING VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT

1 The following items contain some important vocabulary from Part One of the

lecture. Work with a partner. Using the context and your knowledge of related words, take turns trying to guess the meanings of the words in bold.

1 we are going to discuss the mass urbanization of the world’s population.

2 . . . which is an unprecedented trend worldwide.

3 The town has “social opportunity" but “isolation.”

4 Until the twentieth century, the major source of employment was farming.

5 Jobs are being created in manufacturing.

6 Jobs are being created in financing.

7 There are transportation networks.

Work with your partner. Match the vocabulary terms with their definitions by writing the letter of each definition below in the blank next to the sentence or phrase containing the correct term in step 1. Check your answers in a dictionary’ if necessary;

a raising animals or growing fruits and vegetables to sell b making products in factories c movement to the cities d something that has never happened before

e systems of r oads, buses, and trains that cross and connect with each other f separation from other people; loneliness g management of money

О NOTE TAKING: COMBINING THE SKILLS

In this book, you have learned many skills that can help you to take clear notes on lectures.

As you listen to a lecture, you have learned how to:

• identify’ main ideas and supporting details

• identify numerical information

• identify organizational phrases and signal words

• pay attention to the lecturer’s stress and intonation

As you take notes, you have learned how to:

• use symbols and abbreviations

• use telegraphic language

• record numerical information accurately

• use handouts

• organize your notes in an appropriate format, e. g., columns, map, outline

• write questions and comments about what yoir have heard

After you listen to a lecture, you have learned how to:

• clarify anything you have not understood

• revise and organize your notes clearly, if necessary

As you continue to practice, you will find that you can easily combine all these note-taking skills whenever you take notes.

Listen to Part One of the lecture and take notes. Practice combining the skills that vou have learned.

Revise your notes and organize them more clearly if necessary. How satisfied are you with your note-taking progress? Are there any areas that you need to review?

Compare your notes with a partner and share your questions and comments.

LECTURE, PART TWO: Changes in the City

GUESSING VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT

1 The following items contain some important vocabulary from Part One of the

lecture. Work with a partner. Using the context and your knowledge of related words, take turns trying to guess the meanings of the words in bold.

____ 1 Tokyo, Mexico, Bombay, and Sao Paulo are just a few’ examples of today’s

megacities.

2 They show the urban sprawl that is occurring in contemporary cities.

3 Our cities are breaking up into smaller communities, often by ethnic group or income level.

_ 4 Many cities do have a kind of identity or personality, but a city is not homogeneous.

5 Many cities have slum areas or ghettos where people live in destitute conditions.

__ 6 The beautiful architecture and vibrant nightlife are one face of the city.

Work with your partner. Match the vocabulary terms W’ith their definitions by – writing the letter of each definition below in the blank next to the correct term in step 1. Check your answers in a dictionary if necessary’.

a exciting

b uncontrolled growth of cities c all the same d very poor and hopeless e the amount of money that people make f huge cities